Explaining the DNA Data Sheet and DNA Matrix November 2006

 

 

            Working with the Data

 

The first thing to do is to print out this page (the one you are reading) so you can follow the instructions better.

 

The next thing to do is to copy and paste the data from file called:

           

            DNA Patterns of Each Todd Family (25 families as of July 2006)

 

into an Excel Spreadsheet on your computer.   Then, print it out on 11”x17” paper if you have a huge printer or in multiple 8-1/2” x 11” sheets that you paste together.  This way you can really see the patterns of numbers.

 

            Understanding the Data

 

 

Using The Data

 

For most researchers, the most important of the three data sheets is the one labeled:

 

DNA Patterns of Each Todd Family (25 families as of July 2006)

 

If you get a DNA sample for a male Todd descendant of a male Todd for your family, then all you have to do is compare those results with the 25 families on the spreadsheet and you will know which family you share a common ancestor with.

 

To simplify the comparison, you can either look at the numbers corresponding to DNA Marker 464a-464b-464c-464d (see the numbers along the very top of the spreadsheet) or the markers 385-1 and 385-2 and 398-1 and 398-2.  Only one or two of the major family groups has the same pattern for these markers, so making this comparison narrows down the number of families you have to make a column by column comparison to.

 

 

464a

464b

464c

464d

Hanover Twp, Lancaster Co related Todds

11

14

14

15

Mary Todd Lincoln Dominant Pattern

12

14

15

16

James Todd d 1772 East Nottingham Twp Chester Co, PA

12

14

15

16

Joseph Todd  1742-1809 Ontario Co. NY

12

12

14

16

Somerset Co NJ Todds

13

14

15

16

John Todd 1621-1689/1690 Yorkshire, England - Rowley, Massachusetts

14

15

15

15

Samuel Todd                          b 1802 GA d IL

14

15

15

16

Thomas Todd d 1677 England (r Baltimore)

15

15

16

17

Cornelius Todd d 1750 Northumberland Co, VA

15

15

17

17

William Todd d 1769              Bertie Co. NC

15

15

17

18

Elial Todd 1810 d pr 1860        England Detroit

15

15

17

18

John Todd 1754-1819  Washington Co, PA

15

16

16

17

Joseph Todd d 1699 Philadelphia

15

16

17

17

William (c1815 Ireland)

15

16

17

17

William Todd d 1802 Alnwick, England

15

16

16

17

John Todd b c 1690 d 1775  Chester Co,

16

17

17

17

Thomas Todd  d1671      Anne Arundel Co                

17

17

19

19

Michael Todd d 1730 Dorchester Co.

17

17

17

19

 

 

Or you can do the same thing to narrow down the families you have to compare number by number by comparing the values for the markers of your sample with the markers of the families using Markers 385-a, 385-b, 398-a, 398-b.  What is special about using these markers is that these are available using only the $99 DNA test from Family Tree DNA.

 

First, you look at the pattern of your sample for the four blue highlighted markers 385a-b and 389-1, 389-2.  For most cases, these four markers will define the matching family.  But for some families, there are 2 to 4 families with the same pattern for the four markers.  For these families, you will see that within the 12 markers there is one marker highlighted with yellow.  Those markers distinguish the particular family.  If your family matches both the four blue highlighted and the one yellow highlighted markers, that is the family that shares a common ancestor with your family. 

 

 

 

 

<-----------First 12 Markers---------------------->

 

Family

1

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

 

 

9

8

8

8

8

8

9

9

9

9

2

3

 

 

 

5

5

8

9

9

 

1

2

3

6

9

 

 

 

a

b

 

|

|

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Note:  FTDNA value of 10 at DYS GATA-H4 is equivalent to an 11 within the DNA Heritage System

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15

John Todd b c 1690 d 1775  Chester Co,

14

10

14

12

13

28

 

11

14

 

13

13

12

Michael Todd d 1730 Dorchester Co.

14

11

14

12

12

28

23

10

13

13

12

13

17

Joseph Todd d 1699 Philadelphia

14

11

14

12

13

28

24

11

13

13

12

11

16

John Todd 1754-1819  Washington Co, PA

14

11

14

12

13

29

24

11

15

13

12

11

21

Elial Todd 1810 d pr 1860        England Detroit

14

11

14

12

13

29

23

11

14

 

12

12

22

William Todd d 1802 Alnwick, England

14

11

14

12

13

29

24

11

13

13

12

16

24

William (c1815 Ireland)

14

11

14

12

13

29

24

10

13

13

12

15

13

Thomas Todd d 1677 England (r Baltimore)

14

11

14

12

13

30

24

11

13

 

12

12

18

James Todd d 1772 East Nottingham Twp Chester Co, PA

16

11

14

12

13

30

25

10

11

 

12

11

19

Cornelius Todd d 1750 Northumberland Co, VA

14

11

14

12

13

31

 

10

13

 

12

12

7

William Todd d 1769              Bertie Co. NC

14

11

15

12

13

29

24

11

13

 

12

12

8

Lancelot 1674-1735                Lancelot d 1715            Nathan abt 1720              John d 1809/10

14

11

15

12

13

29

25

10

13

13

12

12

9

Lancelot 1674-1735                Lancelot d 1715            Nathan abt 1720              Benjamin 1749-1823

14

11

15

12

13

29

24

10

13

13

12

12

10

Thomas d 1671                 Thomas d 1677                  Lancelot Todd d 1735        Lancelot 1715-1791            Thomas 1742-1808

14

11

15

12

13

29

24

10

13

13

12

12

14

Hanover Twp, Lancaster Co related Todds

15

12

15

15

14

30

23

10

11

 

11

12

20

Samuel Todd                          b 1802 GA d IL

13

13

13

12

13

29

22

10

15

 

12

12

6

Joseph Todd                            1742-1809 Ontario Co. NY

14

13

14

14

12

28

22

10

11

 

11

11

25

John Todd 1804 NY md 1826 NJ d 1869 Livingston Co, MI

11

14

12

13

29

 

11

13

 

12

15

 

1

Mary Todd Lincoln Dominant Pattern

14

14

14

13

12

28

23

10

11

13

11

11

2

Andrew Todd        d 1791 Louisa Co. VA

14

14

14

13

12

28

23

10

11

13

11

11

3

Somerset Co NJ Todds

14

14

14

14

12

28

23

10

11

 

11

11

4

Somerset Co NJ Todds

14

14

14

14

12

28

23

10

11

 

11

11

5

OtherImmigrant Todds with similar NJ Signautre

14

14

14

14

12

29

23

10

11

13

11

11

23

John Todd 1621-1689/1690 Yorkshire, England - Rowley, Massachusetts

15

14

17

13

12

28

24

11

11

14

11

15

 

 

 

Once you narrowed down your search to a smaller number of families, you can go back to  spreadsheet you printed out for the

 

DNA Patterns of Each Todd Family (25 families as of July 2006)

 

Find the families that have the same 464a-d pattern and the same 385/389 pattern and then compare each of your DNA values with the values in each column corresponding to the families of interest.  Count the number of differences between your test numbers and the families test numbers.  If the differences are 0 to 2, then you share a common ancestor with that family.  If the differences are more than 5, then you are not related.

 

            The Detailed Data

 

The detailed data as of November 2006 consists of the DNA results contained in the file:

           

            Todd DNA Data Spreadsheet

           

It contains 80+ individuals in 10 major family groups along with 7 unrelated individuals. 

 

Each person donating a DNA sample or each family is listed on a separate row of the spreadsheet.  Across the top of the spreadsheet are column headings that correspond to each of the 48 DNA markers that define a given sample.   For example, column headings: 19, 390, 391, CDYa, GATHA1, all correspond to a given DNA marker.  

 

The first row of the spreadsheet has a 14 in the first column labeled “19”.  So that means that Marker 19 for the first sample has a value of “14”.  There is a “14” In the second column on the first row of numbers with a column heading labeled “385a”.  So that means that Marker 385a has a value of “14”.  If you go down the matrix you will find that some entries in the column for Marker 19 has a 14 and others have a 15 or 16.  The differences in these numbers for all the columns is how we tell whether individuals or families share a common ancestor or not.

 

The various colored highlight is used to show the dominant DNA pattern that corresponds to the family pattern and the yellow highlights show the markers that differ from the dominant pattern for the samples from individuals thought to be closely relate.  When you see only one or two yellow highlighted boxes, then these individuals are close enough to be sure that they share a common ancestor. When you see 5 or more yellow highlighted boxes, you know they are not related to the individual with the dominant pattern.

 

The ten major groups are:

 

  1. The Mary Todd Lincoln Group, including the branches in Sussex Co NJ; Philadelphia and Chester Co, PA; Augusta Co, VA; Mecklenburg Co NC and the branches of unknown connection in South Carolina and Virginia
  2. New Jersey Todds including those in Virginia and Kentucky  and Ohio of unknown connection
  3. James Todd d 1772 East Nottingham Twp, Chester Co, PA
  4. The Anne Arundel County Maryland Todds (including branches in KY and OH)
  5. The Dorchester County Maryland Todds
  6. The Baltimore Co MD and King & Queen Co, VA Todds
  7. The Joseph Todd d 1699 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Todds
  8. The Lancaster Co, Pennsylvania – Rowan County, North Carolina Todds
  9. The Bertie Co NC Todds
  10. John Todd 1621-1690 Yorkshire England and Rowley Massachusetts

 

 

The families represented by single individuals include:

  1. John Todd d 1775 Chester County, Pennsylvania (Quaker Todds)
  2. John Todd 1754-1819 of Washington Co, PA
  3. The Chataqua Co NY Todds
  4. Joseph Todd 1742-1809 Warwick and Ontario Co NY
  5. Cornelius Todd d 1750 Northumberland County, Virginia
  6. Elial Todd b 1810 England, resided Canada, d pr 1860 Detroit, Michigan
  7. William Todd of Alnwick England

 

 

 

The Matrix

 

The DNA matrix shows the degree of genetic distance between each family of the DNA project.  Individuals with exact matches (yellow zeros) or 1 or 2 mutations (green highlight) are most definitely close relatives.  Individuals with 5 or more are probably most definitely not related.  In between is a fuzzy area where genealogical research is needed to establish connection or lack thereof.